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5 Common Causes of Neck Pain and Their Physiotherapy Treatments

Q: What is the most common cause of neck pain?

The most common cause of neck pain is poor posture, especially from long hours spent sitting, working at a computer, or looking down at a phone. This position strains the neck muscles and joints over time. Other common causes include muscle strain, cervical osteoarthritis, disc bulges, and whiplash injuries.

Q: Can physiotherapy really help with neck pain?

Yes. Physiotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for neck pain, regardless of whether it’s caused by posture, injury, or degeneration. A physiotherapist uses manual therapy, mobility work, strengthening exercises, posture retraining, and ergonomic advice to relieve pain and prevent it from returning.

14 Oct 2025

Written by Wesley Adora (Physiotherapist, APAM)

Neck pain is a very common problem that can affect people of any age. It can develop gradually from poor posture or appear suddenly after an injury. While many people try to manage symptoms with temporary measures like painkillers or rest, understanding the root cause of neck pain is key to lasting relief.

This guide explores five common causes of neck pain and how physiotherapy treatments can help restore mobility, reduce discomfort, and prevent recurrence.

Globally, 203 million people had neck pain in 2020.
By 2050, this number is projected to rise to 269 million, a 32.5% increase, largely driven by population growth and ageing: health data

1. Poor Posture and Prolonged Sitting

Why it happens

Spending long hours at a desk, using mobile devices, or sitting in a slouched position can strain the muscles and joints around the neck. Over time, this leads to stiffness, fatigue, and discomfort.

“Looking down at a phone increases the load on the neck to nearly 27 kg — the equivalent of carrying a small suitcase on your shoulders.”

Common symptoms

Aching at the base of the skull or upper shoulders
Pain that worsens with screen use or long sitting hours
Tightness or reduced mobility when turning the head
Occasional tension headaches

Physiotherapy treatment

Posture correction and ergonomic advice to reduce strain on the cervical spine.
Hands-on techniques like soft tissue release and gentle mobilisations to ease stiffness.
Strengthening exercises for deep neck flexors and upper back muscles to improve endurance.
Movement re-education and habit-based strategies to prevent the pain from returning.

2. Muscle Strain or Overuse Injury

Why it happens

Neck muscles can become strained through sudden jerking movements, poor sleeping positions, or repetitive daily activities. This can lead to inflammation and localised pain.

Common symptoms

Sharp pain in one area of the neck
Tenderness or muscle spasm on touch
Pain that increases with specific movements
Mild restriction in motion

Physiotherapy treatment

Pain management strategies such as gentle cold or heat therapy.
Manual therapy and stretching to reduce muscle tension.
Isometric strengthening to restore stability without aggravating the injury.
Progressive exercisesto rebuild strength and flexibility safely.

3. Cervical Joint Degeneration (Osteoarthritis)

Why it happens

With age or repetitive stress, the joints and discs in the neck can wear down, leading to stiffness, inflammation, and pain. This is commonly referred to as cervical osteoarthritis.

Common symptoms

Morning stiffness that eases with movement
Deep, aching pain in the neck
Reduced ability to turn the head or look up and down
Clicking or grinding sensations with movement

“Degenerative changes have been detected in individuals as young as 30, especially those with high screen exposure or sedentary work patterns.”

Physiotherapy treatment

Joint mobilisation techniques to restore movement and reduce stiffness.
Targeted stretching and soft tissue therapy to address muscle tightness.
Stabilisation exercises to support the cervical spine.
Education on posture, movement habits, and activity modification to maintain long-term comfort.

4. Cervical Disc Bulge or Nerve Compression

Why it happens

A bulging or herniated disc can press on nearby nerves, causing pain to radiate from the neck into the shoulders, arms, or hands. This is a common cause of nerve-related neck pain.

Common symptoms

Sharp, shooting pain down the arm
Tingling or numbness in the fingers
Weakness in specific muscle groups
Pain aggravated by certain movements or positions

Physiotherapy treatment

Gentle traction techniques to relieve pressure on the nerve.
Neural mobilisation exercises to improve nerve movement without irritation.
Stabilisation and posture retraining to reduce strain on the spine.
Gradual strengthening to restore function and prevent flare-ups.

5. Whiplash or Traumatic Neck Injury

Why it happens

Whiplash injuries typically occur from sudden acceleration or deceleration forces, such as in car accidents. The rapid movement overstretches soft tissues in the neck, leading to pain and stiffness.

Common symptoms

Neck pain and stiffness appearing hours or days after an incident
Headaches and reduced range of motion
Tenderness in the neck and shoulder area
Occasionally, dizziness or fatigue

Physiotherapy treatment

Early gentle movement and mobility exercises to prevent stiffness.
Soft tissue therapy and manual techniques to ease tension.
Progressive strengthening and coordination training to restore normal neck function.
Education and reassuranceto encourage safe, confident movement during recovery.

“Evidence shows that early activation can shorten recovery time by up to 50%, reducing the risk of chronic pain.”

When to Seek Professional Help

Neck pain that persists for more than a few days, radiates into the arms, or is accompanied by numbness or weakness should be assessed by a qualified physiotherapist. Early intervention can help prevent chronic issues and improve recovery outcomes.

“Up to 70% of Australians experience neck pain at some point in their lives.”
“Office workers in Australia spend an average of 6–8 hours seated daily, increasing posture-related neck pain risk.”
“Neck pain accounts for 20% of musculoskeletal GP visits nationwide.”

How Physiotherapy Supports Long-Term Recovery

A physiotherapist doesn’t just treat symptoms — they identify the underlying cause, address biomechanical issues, and provide tailored treatment to restore mobility and strength. Treatment may include:

Manual therapy to ease pain and improve joint mobility
Posture correction and ergonomic education
Exercise programs to build stability and resilience
Preventive strategies to reduce recurrence

“Strengthening deep neck flexors has been shown to reduce recurrence rates by as much as 70%.”

Conclusion

Neck pain can have many causes, but with the right physiotherapy approach, most people can achieve significant relief and return to their normal activities. Whether it’s posture-related discomfort, a disc problem, or a traumatic injury, early intervention makes a big difference.

For expert care, personalised treatment plans, and long-term support, Norwest Central Physiotherapy and Sports Clinic offers evidence-based solutions designed to address the root cause of your pain — not just the symptoms.

Book your consultation today and take the first step toward lasting relief and improved mobility.

FAQs

What is the most common cause of neck pain?

The most common cause of neck pain is poor posture, especially from long hours spent sitting, working at a computer, or looking down at a phone. This position strains the neck muscles and joints over time. Other common causes include muscle strain, cervical osteoarthritis, disc bulges, and whiplash injuries.

Can physiotherapy really help with neck pain?

Yes. Physiotherapy is one of the most effective treatments for neck pain, regardless of whether it’s caused by posture, injury, or degeneration. A physiotherapist uses manual therapy, mobility work, strengthening exercises, posture retraining, and ergonomic advice to relieve pain and prevent it from returning.

When should I see a physiotherapist for neck pain?

You should see a physiotherapist if your neck pain lasts more than a few days, restricts your movement, causes headaches, or spreads into your shoulders or arms. Symptoms like numbness, tingling, or weakness also indicate nerve involvement and should be assessed immediately.

What exercises help relieve neck pain quickly?

Gentle mobility exercises such as chin tucks, shoulder blade squeezes, and controlled neck rotations can help reduce stiffness and improve posture. However, the best exercises depend on the underlying cause, which is why a physiotherapist should assess your condition before designing a personalised exercise plan.